When to plant peppers in USDA Zone 5b

Plan your peppers planting around local frost risk and soil temperature, then work backward from the harvest week your buyers need. The calendar below is a starting point, not a field-level weather forecast.

Chicago, Des Moines suburbs, central IL, upstate NY. Average last spring frost May 1, first fall frost October 6 — a 158-day frost-free season.

Zone fit: good
Peppers is frost-tender, so timing the outdoor transplant to the last frost matters more here than in warmer zones. Row cover buys 2 weeks of head start.

Key dates

Start seeds indoors
February 27 – March 13
Transplant outdoors
May 15 – June 5
Expected first harvest
July 31 – August 28
Fall planting window
July 7 – July 28
Fall harvest window
September 22 – October 20

Windows are calculated from your zone's average frost dates. Adjust ±1 week for microclimates, elevation, and your own frost records.

Spacing and soil

Plant spacing
18″
Row spacing
30″
Seed depth
0.25″
Soil temperature
75–85°F
Frost tolerance
tender
Days to harvest
70 days

Grower notes for Zone 5b

Peppers need warmer soil than tomatoes. Wait until nights are consistently above 55°F or fruit set stalls.

Plant near: basil, onions, carrots

Keep away from: fennel, kohlrabi

Other nightshades for Zone 5b

Same crop, other zones

Track your own plantings

BAU Farm Intelligence turns these windows into per-field tasks — indoor seed-start reminders, transplant dates, harvest projections — using your farm's actual frost history.